Guest Lecture (TITLE: Evolution of Generative AI)

Lecture Summary:

The Guest speaker in his special address gave a clear idea about Generative AI and its tools. He provided an overview of AI, ML, and deep learning algorithms, and discussed the various tools used in generative AI. He also highlighted the growing job opportunities in industries associated with generative AI, ensuring that students gained a comprehensive understanding of the subject during the session.

In his session, he stressed on the tools like Synthesia DALL-E,BardWord, Tune,Alpha code etc and he provided students with practical hands-on experience using some of these tools.

He covered the following points in his lecture.

The impact of technology revolution
Overview of generative AI
What is Happening in Gen AI world?
Imagination to reality

Generative AI starts with a prompt that could be in the form of a text, an image, a video, a design, musical notes, or any input that the AI system can process. Various AI algorithms then return new content in response to the prompt. Content can include essays, solutions to problems, or realistic fakes created from pictures or audio of a person.

Early versions of generative AI required submitting data via an API or an otherwise complicated process. Developers had to familiarize themselves with special tools and write applications using languages such as Python.

Generative AI is a type of artificial intelligence technology that can produce various types of content, including text, imagery, audio and synthetic data. The recent buzz around generative AI has been driven by the simplicity of new user interfaces for creating high-quality text, graphics and videos in a matter of seconds.

The technology, it should be noted, is not brand-new. Generative AI was introduced in the 1960s in chatbots. But it was not until 2014, with the introduction of generative adversarial networks, or GANs -- a type of machine learning algorithm -- that generative AI could create convincingly authentic images, videos and audio of real people.

On the one hand, this newfound capability has opened up opportunities that include better movie dubbing and rich educational content. On the other hand, it has also raised concerns about deepfakes—digitally forged images or videos—and posed cybersecurity threats to businesses, including malicious requests that convincingly imitate an employee's superior

Two additional recent advances that will be discussed in more detail below, have played a critical part in generative AI going mainstream: transformers and the breakthrough language models they enabled. Transformers are a type of machine learning that made it possible for researchers to train ever-larger models without having to label all of the data in advance. New models could thus be trained on billions of pages of text, resulting in answers with more depth. In addition, transformers unlocked a new notion called attention that enabled models to track the connections between words across pages, chapters and books rather than just in individual sentences. And not just words: Transformers could also use their ability to track connections to analyze code, proteins, chemicals and DNA.

The rapid advances in so-called large language models (LLMs) -- i.e., models with billions or even trillions of parameters -- have opened a new era in which generative AI models can write engaging text, paint photorealistic images and even create somewhat entertaining sitcoms on the fly. Moreover, innovations in multimodal AI enable teams to generate content across multiple types of media, including text, graphics and video. This is the basis for tools like Dall-E that automatically create images from a text description or generate text captions from images.

These breakthroughs notwithstanding, we are still in the early days of using generative AI to create readable text and photorealistic stylized graphics. Early implementations have had issues with accuracy and bias, as well as being prone to hallucinations and spitting back weird answers. Still, progress thus far indicates that the inherent capabilities of this type of AI could fundamentally change business. Going forward, this technology could help write code, design new drugs, develop products, redesign business processes and transform supply chains.

Now, pioneers in generative AI are developing better user experiences that let you describe a request in plain language. After an initial response, you can also customize the results with feedback about the style, tone and other elements you want the generated content to reflect.

Image displaying quotes about generative AI from industry experts

Generative AI models combine various AI algorithms to represent and process content. For example, to generate text, various natural language processing techniques transform raw characters (e.g., letters, punctuation and words) into sentences, parts of speech, entities and actions, which are represented as vectors using multiple encoding techniques. Similarly, images are transformed into various visual elements, also expressed as vectors. One caution is that these techniques can also encode the biases, racism, deception and puffery contained in the training data.

Once developers settle on a way to represent the world, they apply a particular neural network to generate new content in response to a query or prompt. Techniques such as GANs and variational autoencoders (VAEs) -- neural networks with a decoder and encoder -- are suitable for generating realistic human faces, synthetic data for AI training or even facsimiles of particular humans.

Recent progress in transformers such as Google's Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), OpenAI's GPT and Google AlphaFold have also resulted in neural networks that can not only encode language, images and proteins but also generate new content.

How neural networks are transforming generative AI

Researchers have been creating AI and other tools for programmatically generating content since the early days of AI. The earliest approaches, known as rules-based systems and later as "expert systems," used explicitly crafted rules for generating responses or data sets.

Few tools description: -

ChatGPT, Dall-E and Bard are popular generative AI interfaces.

Dall-E. Trained on a large data set of images and their associated text descriptions, Dall-E is an example of a multimodal AI application that identifies connections across multiple media, such as vision, text and audio. In this case, it connects the meaning of words to visual elements. It was built using OpenAI's GPT implementation in 2021. Dall-E 2, a second, more capable version, was released in 2022. It enables users to generate imagery in multiple styles driven by user prompts.

ChatGPT. The AI-powered chatbot that took the world by storm in November 2022 was built on OpenAI's GPT-3.5 implementation. OpenAI has provided a way to interact and fine-tune text responses via a chat interface with interactive feedback. Earlier versions of GPT were only accessible via an API. GPT-4 was released March 14, 2023. ChatGPT incorporates the history of its conversation with a user into its results, simulating a real conversation. After the incredible popularity of the new GPT interface, Microsoft announced a significant new investment into OpenAI and integrated a version of GPT into its Bing search engine.

Agenda Picture-Evolution of Generative AI

Students Strngth-Evolution of Generative AI

Random Picture-Evolution of Generative AI

Outcome of the Event:

During the brainstorm sessions of this Lecture, Students gained knowledge in Generative AI concepts which assist in understanding AI, ML, Deep Learning algorithms and gained knowledge of several Generative AI tools. Students got awareness on upcoming booming jobs which is related to Generative AI.